There are several ways to determine if a lead-acid battery is fully charged, including voltage monitoring, changes in charging current, and observing battery status. Different methods can be used depending on the situation, as detailed below:   Voltage is the most crucial method. Lead-acid batteries have rated voltages such as 12V and 24V. The open-circuit voltage after a full charge (after disconnecting the charger and letting it stand for 1-2 hours) has clear standards:   12V lead-acid battery: The open-circuit voltage after a full charge should be 12.7V~12.8V; if in float charging mode (charger not disconnected), the float charge voltage is usually 13.5V~13.8V.   24V lead-acid battery (composed of two 12V batteries in series): The open-circuit voltage after a full charge is 25.4V~25.6V, and the float charge voltage is 27V~27.6V.   If the batter...

The core reason why lithium batteries can use fast chargers lies in the synergistic advantages of their material properties, charging mechanism, and intelligent management system. This allows them to withstand higher charging currents without easily being damaged. The specific reasons are as follows:   Battery materials and structure are adapted for high-current charging. Lithium batteries use negative electrode materials such as graphite and lithium titanate (LTO), and positive electrode materials such as ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate. The lithium-ion diffusion coefficient is much higher than that of lead-acid battery electrode materials, enabling rapid completion of the electrochemical process of insertion/extraction. At the same time, lithium batteries have extremely low internal resistance, resulting in low energy loss and low heat generation during chargi...